Professor Robyn Lucas

Robyn Lucas

Contacts

Emeritus Professor

Biography

Professor Robyn Lucas is a medically trained epidemiologist. She was the lead author of the Global Burden of Disease due to Ultraviolet Radiation and the study coordinator for the Ausimmune Study examining environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Her current work focuses on vitamin D, sun exposure and immune function, and public health messages for optimal sun exposure.

Research

Research interests

Environmental impact assessment Epidemiology Research, science and technology policy

Groups

Projects

Publications

  • Law, H, Armstrong, B, D'Este, C et al. 2023, 'Relative rates of cancers and deaths in Australian communities with PFAS environmental contamination associated with firefighting foams: A cohort study using linked data', Cancer Epidemiology, vol. 82.
  • Sebastian, P, Cherbuin, N, Barcellos, L et al. 2022, 'Association between Time Spent Outdoors and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis', Neurology, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. E267-E278.
  • Wyrwoll, C, Papini, M, Chivers, E et al. 2022, 'Long-term exposure of mice to 890 ppm atmospheric CO2 alters growth trajectories and elicits hyperactive behaviours in young adulthood', Journal of Physiology, vol. 600, no. 6, pp. 1439-1453.
  • Barnes, P, Robson, T, Neale, P et al. 2022, 'Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 275-301.
  • Fabis-Pedrini, M, Kuhle, J, Roberts , K et al. 2022, 'Changes in serum neurofilament light chain levels following narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in clinically isolated syndrome', Brain and Behavior, vol. 12, no. 2.
  • Tao, C, Simpson-Yap, S, Taylor, B et al. 2022, 'Markers of Epstein-Barr virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 infection and multiple sclerosis clinical progression', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
    , vol. 59, pp. 1-9.
  • Dunlop, E, Shepherd, C, Cunningham, J et al. 2022, 'Vitamin D composition of Australian game products', Food Chemistry, vol. 387.
  • Clare, I, Gamage, N, Alvares , G et al. 2022, 'The Effects of Using the Sun Safe App on Sun Health Knowledge and Behaviors of Young Teenagers: Results of Pilot Intervention Studies', JMIR Dermatology
    , vol. 5, no. 1.
  • Daly, A, Martin, C, Sherriff, J et al. 2021, 'Omega-3 Index, fish consumption, use of fish oil supplements and first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
    , vol. 55.
  • Miller, K, de Klerk, N, Davis, E et al. 2021, 'Demographic and clinical predictors of vitamin D status in pregnant women tested for deficiency in Western Australia', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 474-481.
  • Miller, K, Hart, P, Lucas, R et al. 2021, 'Higher ultraviolet radiation during early life is associated with lower risk of childhood type 1 diabetes among boys', Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1.
  • Gamage, N, Nguyen, R, Clare, I et al. 2021, 'Sun-health behaviours and attitudes towards sun safety amongst Australian teenagers: a qualitative update', BMC Research Notes, vol. 14, no. 349.
  • Pendrey, C, Quilty, S, Gruen, R et al. 2021, 'Is climate change exacerbating health-care workforce shortages for underserved populations?', The Lancet Planetary Health, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 183-184.
  • Neale , R, Barnes, P, Robson, T et al. 2021, 'Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 20, pp. 1-67.
  • Larcombe, A, Papini, M, Chivers, E et al. 2021, 'Mouse lung structure and function after long-term exposure to an atmospheric carbon dioxide level predicted by climate change modeling', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 1-7.
  • Holmes, A, Banwell, C, Lucas, R et al. 2021, 'Experiences of Adolescents Who Are Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease', Global Journal of Health Science, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 49-61.
  • Lingham, G, Yazar, S, Lucas, R et al. 2021, 'Time spent outdoors in childhood is associated with reduced risk of myopia as an adult', Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1.
  • Nguyen, R, Clare, I, Gamage, N et al. 2021, 'Developing an Online Tool to Promote Safe Sun Behaviors With Young Teenagers as Co-researchers', Frontiers in Digital Humanities, vol. 3.
  • Neale , R, Wilson, L, Black , L et al. 2021, 'Hospitalisations for falls and hip fractures attributable to vitamin D deficiency in older Australians', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 126, no. 11, pp. 1682-1686.
  • Dunlop, E, James, A, Cunningham, J et al. 2021, 'Vitamin D composition of Australian foods', Food Chemistry, vol. 358.
  • Black , L, Hetherton, S, Forkan, M et al. 2021, 'An exploratory study of diet in childhood and young adulthood and adult-onset multiple sclerosis', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 27, no. 10.
  • Mincham, K, Panchal, K, Hart, P et al. 2021, 'Metabolic dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet modulates hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue of mice', Immunology and Cell Biology, vol. 99, no. 7.
  • Black , L, Dunlop, E, Lucas, R et al. 2021, 'Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 126, no. 1, pp. 101-109.
  • Lingham, G, Mackey, D, Zhu, K et al. 2021, 'Time spent outdoors through childhood and adolescence – assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration – and risk of myopia at 20 years', Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica: the ophthalmological journal of the Nordic countries, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 679-687.
  • Miller, K, Lucas, R, Davis, E et al. 2021, 'Use of linked administrative and laboratory data to confirm that serum 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women can be predicted from satellite estimates of ultraviolet radiation', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 303-313.
  • Hughes, A, Posonby, A, Dear, K et al. 2020, 'Childhood infections, vaccinations, and tonsillectomy and risk of first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination in the Ausimmune Study', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
    , vol. 42, pp. 1-8.
  • Lee, S, Lingham, G, Yazar, S et al 2020, 'Rationale and protocol for the 7- And 8-year longitudinal assessments of eye health in a cohort of young adults in the Raine Study', BMJ Open, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1-10.
  • Lingham, G, Milne, E, Yazar, S et al 2020, 'Recalling our day in the sun: comparing long-term recall of childhood sun exposure with prospectively collected parent-reported data', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 382-389.
  • Bernhard , G, Neale , R, Barnes, P et al. 2020, 'Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 542-584.
  • Gardiner OAM PhD, F, Richardson, A, Gale, L et al. 2020, 'Rural and remote dental care: Patient characteristics and health care provision', Australian Journal of Rural Health, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 292-300.
  • Lingham, G, Mackey, D, Seed, N et al. 2020, 'Re-engaging an inactive cohort of young adults: evaluating recruitment for the Kidskin Young Adult Myopia Study', BMC Medical Research Methodology, vol. 20, no. 127, pp. 1-9.
  • Lal, A, Lucas, R & Slatyer, A 2020, 'Water access as a required public health intervention to fight COVID-19 in the Pacific Islands', The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific, vol. 1.
  • Gardiner OAM PhD, F, Bishop, L, Gale, L et al. 2020, 'Poor access to kidney disease management services in susceptible patient populations in rural Australia is associated with increased aeromedical retrievals for acute renal care', Internal Medicine Journal, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 951-959.
  • Simpson-Yap, S, Oddy, W, Taylor, B et al. 2020, 'High Prudent diet factor score predicts lower relapse hazard in early multiple sclerosis', Journal of Multiple Sclerosis, vol. Online .
  • Dhamrait, G, Panchal, K, Fleury, N et al. 2020, 'Characterising nitric oxide-mediated metabolic benefits of low-dose ultraviolet radiation in the mouse: a focus on brown adipose tissue', Diabetologia, vol. 63, pp. 179-193.
  • Marx, W, Hockey, M, McGuinness, A et al 2020, 'The effect of emerging nutraceutical interventions for clinical and biological outcomes in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
    , vol. 37, no. 101486, pp. 1-16.
  • Russell , R, Langer-Gould, A, Gonzales, E et al. 2020, 'Obesity, dieting, and multiple sclerosis', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
    , vol. 39, no. 2211-0348.
  • Allemann, T, Dhamrait, G, Fleury, N et al 2020, 'Low-dose UV radiation before running wheel access activates brown adipose tissue', Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 244, no. 3, pp. 473-486.
  • Pettigrew, S, Parnell, A, Strickland, M et al 2020, 'The potential of ultraviolet radiation meters in secondary schools as a sun protection intervention mechanism for adolescents', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 1137, pp. 1-13.
  • Jones, B, Taylor, K, Lucas, R et al 2019, 'Pre-foaling season questionnaire: supplemental material to the article 'Challenges in using serological methods to explore historical transmission risk of Chlamydia psittaci in a workforce with high exposure to equine chlamydiosis'', Communicable Diseases Intelligence, vol. 43.
  • Lingham, G, Mackey, D, Lucas, R et al. 2019, 'How does spending time outdoors protect against myopia? A review', British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 104, no. 5.
  • Jones, B, Taylor, K, Lucas, R et al 2019, 'Challenges in using serological methods to explore historical transmission risk of Chlamydia psittaci in a workforce with high exposure to equine chlamydiosis', Communicable Diseases Intelligence, vol. 43, no. 0, pp. 1-9.
  • Langer-Gould, A, Black, L, Waubant, E et al. 2019, 'Seafood, fatty acid biosynthesis genes, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1476ââ¬â1485.
  • Horton-French, K, Dunlop, E, Lucas, R et al. 2019, 'Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency among African Immigrants Living in Australia', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 16, no. 16, pp. 1-9.
  • Waubant, E, Lucas, R, Mowry, E et al 2019, 'Environmental and genetic risk factors for MS: an integrated review', Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 1905-1922.
  • Gardiner OAM PhD, F, Richardson, A, Bishop, L et al. 2019, 'Health care for older people in rural and remote Australia: challenges for service provision', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 211, no. 8, pp. 363-364.
  • Zhang, G, Black, L, Cooper, M et al 2019, 'Significant Associations Between Sun Exposure and Adiposity Were Not Observed in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients in a Cross-sectional Analysis', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 1433-1440.
  • Haifer, C, Lawrance, I, Center, J et al 2019, 'Vitamin D metabolites are lower with active Crohn's disease and spontaneously recover with development of remission', Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, vol. 12, pp. 1-12.
  • Clarke, M, Black, L, Hart, P et al 2019, 'The challenges of developing and optimising an assay to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D in saliva', Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 194, no. 105437, pp. 1-10.
  • Gorman, S, de Courten, B & Lucas, R 2019, 'Systematic Review of the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Markers of Metabolic Dysfunction', Clinical Biochemist Reviews, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 147-162.
  • Black, L, Zhao, Y, Peng, Y et al. 2019, 'Higher fish consumption and lower risk of central nervous system demyelination', European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 74, pp. 818ââ¬â824.
  • Ahmad, H, van der Mei, I, Taylor, B et al 2019, 'Estimation of annual probabilities of changing disability levels in Australians with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 25, no. 13, pp. 1800-1808.
  • Wright, C, Lucas, R, Kapwata, T et al 2019, 'Towards a reliable, non-invasive melanin assessment for pigmented skin', Skin Research and Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 100-102.
  • Lingham, G, Yazar, S, Lucas, R et al 2019, 'Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is not associated with refractive error in middle-aged and older Western Australian adults', Translational vision science & technology, vol. 8, no. 13, pp. 11pp.
  • Ratnadiwakara, M, Rooke, M, Ohms, S et al. 2019, 'The SuprMam1 breast cancer susceptibility locus disrupts the vitamin D/ calcium/ parathyroid hormone pathway and alters bone structure in congenic mice', Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 188, pp. 48-58.
  • Lucas, R, Yazar, S, Young, A et al 2019, 'Human health in relation to exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation under changing stratospheric ozone and climate', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 641-680.
  • McClain, S, McMullen, C, Abiodun, B et al 2019, 'Cross-cutting Issues', in Paul Ekins, Joyeeta Gupta & Pierre Boileau (ed.), Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 1-30.
  • Abiodun, B, Bowen, K, Djalante, R et al 2019, Global Environment Outlook 6 - Chapter 5: Air.
  • Zhang, Y, Zhou, Y, van der Mei, I et al. 2019, 'Lipid-related genetic polymorphisms significantly modulate the association between lipids and disability progression in multiple sclerosis', Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 636ââ¬â641.
  • Malacova, E, Cheang, P, Dunlop, E et al. 2019, 'Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally-representative sample of adults participating in the 2011-2013 Australian Health Survey', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 121, no. 8, pp. 894-904.
  • Black, L, Pereira, G, Lucas, R et al 2019, 'Non-processed red meat consumption is associated with a reduced risk of central nervous system demyelination', Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 10, pp. 1-10.
  • Langer-Gould, A & Lucas, R 2019, 'Vitamin D deficiency is an etiological factor for MS ? No', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 639-641.
  • Black , L, Baker, K, Ponsonby, A et al. 2019, 'A Higher Mediterranean Diet Score, Including Unprocessed Red Meat, Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Central Nervous System Demyelination in a Case-Control Study of Australian Adults', Journal of Nutrition, vol. 149, no. 8, pp. 1385-1392.
  • Feigin, V, Nichols, E, Alam, T et al 2019, 'Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016', The Lancet Neurology, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 459-480.
  • Holmes, E, Ponsonby, A, Pezic, A et al 2019, 'Higher sun exposure is associated with lower risk of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a matched case-control study.', Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 182-188.
  • Trend, S, Jones, A, Cha, L et al 2019, 'Short-term changes in frequencies of circulating leukocytes associated with narrowband UVB phototherapy in people with clinically isolated syndrome', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, pp. 1-13.
  • Barnes, P, Williamson , C, Lucas, R et al. 2019, 'Ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, climate change and prospects for a sustainable future', Nature Sustainability, vol. 2, pp. 569-579.
  • Russell , R, Langer-Gould, A, Gonzales, E et al. 2019, 'A Wide Variety of Different Diets are Adopted After Symptom Onset for Multiple Sclerosis', Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 213-213.
  • Holmes, A, Rodney Harris, R & Lucas, RM 2018, 'Low Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Deficiency as Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, With a Focus on Childhood Onset', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. epub head of print.
  • Black, L, Rowley, C, Sherriff, J et al 2018, 'A healthy dietary pattern associates with a lower risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1514-1525.
  • Hart, P, Jones , A, Trend, S et al. 2018, 'A randomised controlled clinical trial of narrowband UVB phototherapy for clinically isolated syndrome: the PhoCIS Study', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1-10.
  • Lucas, R, Neale , R, Madronich, S et al. 2018, 'Are current guidelines for sun protection optimal for health? Exploring the evidence', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 17, pp. 1956ââ¬â1963.
  • Chunrong, T, Simpson, S, Taylor, B et al 2018, 'Onset Symptoms, Tobacco Smoking, and Progressive-Onset Phenotype Are Associated With a Delayed Onset of Multiple Sclerosis, and Marijuana Use With an Earlier Onset', Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 9, no. 418, pp. 10pp.
  • Tang, S, Lau, T, Rong, S et al 2018, 'Vitamin D and Its Pathway Genes in Myopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis', British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 103, pp. 8-17.
  • Trend, S, Jones , A, Cha, L et al. 2018, 'Higher Serum Immunoglobulin G3 Levels May Predict the Development of Multiple Sclerosis in Individuals With Clinically Isolated Syndrome', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 9, no. Article 1590, pp. 1-13.
  • Hughes, J, Black , L, Sherriff, J et al. 2018, 'Vitamin D content of australian native food plants and australian-grown edible seaweed', Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 876, pp. 1-9pp.
  • Tremlett, H & Lucas, R 2018, 'An 'epidemic' of multiple sclerosis and falling infection rates? Reflecting on comparisons made and the rising multiple sclerosis incidence in Bach's 2002 New England Journal of Medicine figure', European Journal of Neurology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 196-199.
  • Zhou, Y, Chen, M, Simpson Jr, S et al 2018, 'Common genetic variation within miR-146a predicts disease onset and relapse in multiple sclerosis', Neurological Sciences, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 297-304pp.
  • Bais, A, Lucas, R, Bornman, J et al 2018, 'Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017
    ', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 127-179pp.
  • Langer-Gould, A, Lucas, R, Xiang, A et al. 2018, 'MS Sunshine Study: Sun Exposure But Not Vitamin D Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Risk in Blacks and Hispanics', Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 268, pp. 14pp.
  • Langer-Gould, A, Lucas, R, Xiang, A et al. 2018, 'Vitamin D-Binding Protein Polymorphisms, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Sunshine and Multiple Sclerosis', Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 184, pp. 12pp.
  • Russell, R, Lucas, R, Brennan, V et al 2018, 'Reported Changes in Dietary Behavior Following a First Clinical Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Demyelination', Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 9, no. 161, pp. 1-7.
  • Khan , S, Whiteman , D, Kimlin, M et al. 2018, 'Effect of solar ultraviolet radiation exposure on serum 25(OH)D concentration: a pilot randomised controlled trial', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, no. 5, pp. 570ââ¬â577.
  • Simpson, S, van der Mei, I, Lucas, R et al 2018, 'Sun Exposure across the Life Course Significantly Modulates Early Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Course', Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 1-17.
  • Lucas, R, Neale, R, Madronich, S et al 2018, 'Correction: Are current guidelines for sun protection optimal for health? Exploring the evidence', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1pp.
  • Neale, R, Khan, S, Lucas, R et al 2018, 'The effect of sunscreen on vitamin D: a review', British Journal of Dermatology, vol. 181, no. 5, pp. 907-915.
  • Swaminathan, A, Harrison, S, Ketheesan, N et al 2018, 'Exposure to Solar UVR Suppresses Cell-Mediated Immunization Responses in Humans: The Australian Ultraviolet Radiation and Immunity Study', The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 139, no. 7, pp. 1545-1553.e6.
  • Tremlett, H, Rodney Harris, R & Lucas, R 2018, 'Can falling infection rates in one country explain rising incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases in other countries? Caution when (over) interpreting ecological data from disparate areas', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
    , vol. 21, pp. A3-A5.
  • Lingham G, Milne E, Cross D et al, R 2017, '(Accepted) Investigating the long-term impact of a childhood sun exposure intervention, with a focus on eye health: protocol for the Kidskin-Young Adult Myopia Study', BMJ Open.
  • Lucas, R & Rodney Harris PhD, R 2018, 'On the Nature of Evidence and ˜Proving" Causality:
    Smoking and Lung Cancer vs. Sun Exposure, Vitamin
    D and Multiple Sclerosis', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1-13.
  • McKenzie, R & Lucas, RM 2018, 'Reassessing Impacts of Extended Daily Exposure to Low Level Solar UV Radiation', Nature, vol. 8, no. 13805, pp. 1-5.
  • Waubant, E, Amezcua, L, (including Lucas RM) et al 2018, 'Gender Inequities in the Multiple Sclerosis Community: A Call for Action', Wiley Online Library.
  • Wright, C, Lucas, RM, D'Este, C et al 2018, 'Effect of A Sun Protection Intervention on the Immune Response to Measles Booster Vaccination in Infants in Rural South Africa', Photochemistry and Photobiology, no. Special Issue celebrating 55th Anniversary, pp. 1-7.
  • Weinshenker, B & Lucas, R 2017, 'Variation in MS outcome', Neurology, vol. 88, no. 13, pp. 1214-1215.
  • Jones, A, Trend, S, Byrne, S et al 2017, 'Altered regulatory T-cell fractions and Helios expression in clinically isolated syndrome: clues to the development of multiple sclerosis', Clinical and Translational Immunology, vol. 6, no. 143, pp. 10pp.
  • Cuellar-Partida, G, Williams, K, Yazar, S et al 2017, 'Genetically low vitamin D concentrations and myopic refractive error: a Mendelian randomization study', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1882-1890pp.
  • Wise, S, Phinney, K, Tai, S et al 2017, 'Baseline Assessment of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Assay
    Performance: A Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) Interlaboratory Comparison Study', Journal of AOAC International, vol. 100, no. 5, pp. 1244-1252.
  • Saul, A, Ponsonby, A, Lucas, R et al 2017, 'Stressful life events and the risk of initial central nervous system demyelination', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 1000-1007.
  • Dunlop, E, Cunningham, J, Sherriff, J et al 2017, 'Vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 content of retail white fish and eggs in Australia', Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1-15pp.
  • Tettey, P, Simpson, S, Taylor, B et al 2017, 'An adverse lipid profile and increased levels of adiposity significantly predict clinical course after a first demyelinating event', Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 395-401.
  • Trend, S, Jones, A, Geldenhuys, S et al 2017, 'Evolving identification of blood cells associated with clinically isolated syndrome: Importance of time since clinical presentation and diagnostic MRI', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 17pp..
  • Zhou, Y, Graves, J, Simpson Jr, S et al 2017, 'Genetic variation in the gene LRP2 increases relapse risk in multiple sclerosis', Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol. 88, no. 10, pp. 864-868.
  • Kunene, Z, Albers, P, Lucas, R et al. 2017, 'My child did not like using sun protection: practices and perceptions of child sun protection among rural Black African mothers', BMC Public Health, vol. 17, no. 677, pp. 8pp..
  • Lucas, R, Gies, P & Neale , R 2017, 'Eco Health: Stratospheric Ozone', in Jerome O. Nriagu (ed.), Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Elsevier, Online, pp. 205-220.
  • Williamson , C, Madronich, S, Lal, A et al. 2017, 'Climate change-induced increases in precipitation are reducing the potential for solar ultraviolet radiation to inactivate pathogens in surface waters', Scientific Reports, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 13033 (12pp).
  • Lucas, R, Gorman, S, Black, L et al 2017, 'Clinical, research, and public health implications of poor measurement of Vitamin D status', AOAC International Journal, vol. 100, no. 5, pp. 1225-1229.
  • King, L, Xiang, F, Swaminathan, A et al 2017, 'Validation of Sun Exposure Reported Annually Against Interim Self-report and Daily Sun Diaries', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 93, no. 5, pp. 1294-1302.
  • Wise, S, Phinney, K, Tai, S et al 2017, 'Baseline assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin d reference material and proficiency testing/external quality assurance material commutability: A Vitamin D Standardization Program Study', AOAC International Journal, vol. 100, no. 5, pp. 1288-1293.
  • Jones, A, Kermode, A, Lucas, R et al 2017, 'Circulating immune cells in multiple sclerosis', Clinical and Experimental Immunology, vol. 187, no. 2, pp. 193-203.
  • Wright, C, Albers, P, Mathee, A et al 2017, 'Sun protection to improve vaccine effectiveness in children in a high ambient ultraviolet radiation and rural environment: an intervention study', BMC Public Health, vol. 17, no. 37, pp. 1-8pp.
  • Miller, K, Hart, P, De Klerk, N et al 2017, 'Are low sun exposure and/or vitamin D risk factors for type 1 diabetes?', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 381-398.
  • Gorman, S, Lucas, R, Allen-Hall, A et al 2017, 'Ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D and the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 362-373.
  • Hart, P, Lucas, R, Booth, D et al 2017, 'Narrowband UVB phototherapy for clinically isolated syndrome: A trial to deliver the benefits of vitamin D and other UVB-induced molecules', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 6pp.
  • Zhou, Y, Simpson Jr, S, Charlesworth, J et al 2017, 'Variation within MBP gene predicts disease course in multiple sclerosis', Brain and Behavior, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1-6.
  • Black, L, Lucas, R, Sherriff, J et al 2017, 'In pursuit of vitamin D in plants', Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 136-136.
  • Gorman, S, Zafir, M, Lim, E et al 2017, 'High-Dose Intramuscular Vitamin D Provides Long-Lasting Moderate Increases in Serum 25-Hydroxvitamin D Levels and Shorter-Term Changes in Plasma Calcium', AOAC International Journal, vol. 100, no. 5, pp. 1337-1344.
  • Langer Gould A, Wu J, Lucas RM et al 2017, 'Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility: A multiethnic study', Neurology, vol. 89, no. 13, pp. 1330-1337.
  • Odenthal C, Simpson S, Oughton J, van der Mei I, Rose S, Fripp J, Lucas RM, Taylor BV, Dear K, Ponsonby A-L, Coulthard A, and the Ausimmune and AusLong Investigator Groups. 2016, 'Midsagittal corpus callosum area and conversion to multiple sclerosis after clinically isolated syndrome: A multicentre Australian cohort study', Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology, pp. -.
  • Black, L, Burrows, S, Lucas, R et al 2016, 'Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 115, no. 11, pp. 1994-2002.
  • Lucas, R, Norval, M & Wright, C 2016, 'Solar ultraviolet radiation in Africa: A systematic review and critical evaluation of the health risks and use of photoprotection', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 10-23.
  • Van Der Mei, I, Lucas, R, Taylor, B et al 2016, 'Population attributable fractions and joint effects of key risk factors for multiple sclerosis', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 461-469.
  • Djaja, N, Janda, M, Lucas, R et al 2016, 'Self-Reported Changes in Sun-Protection Behaviors at Different Latitudes in Australia', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 495-502.
  • Black, L, Jacoby, P, Nowson, C et al 2016, 'Predictors of vitamin D-containing supplement use in the Australian population and associations between dose and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations', Nutrients, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. -.
  • Hoare, S, Lithander, F, Van Der Mei, I et al 2016, 'Higher intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with a decreased risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: Results from the Ausimmune Study', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 884-892.
  • Simpson Jr, S, Tan, H, Otahal, P et al 2016, 'Anxiety, depression and fatigue at 5-year review following CNS demyelination', Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, vol. 134, no. 6, pp. 403-413.
  • Andrady, A, Aucamp, P, Austin, A et al. 2016, 'Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2015', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 141-174.
  • Pan, G, Simpson, S, Van Der Mei, I et al 2016, 'Role of genetic susceptibility variants in predicting clinical course in multiple sclerosis: A cohort study', Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 87, no. 11, pp. 1204-1211.
  • King, L, Dear, K, Harrison, S et al 2016, 'Investigating the patterns and determinants of seasonal variation in Vitamin D status in Australian adults: The Seasonal D Cohort Study', BMC Public Health, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. -.
  • Norval, M, Coussens, A, Wilkinson, R et al 2016, 'Vitamin D status and its consequences for health in South Africa', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 22PP.
  • King, L, Dear, K, Harrison, S et al 2016, 'Investigating the patterns and determinants of seasonal variation in Vitamin D status in Australian adults: The Seasonal D Cohort Study', BMC Public Health, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. -.
  • Lim, S, Allen, K, Dandona, L et al. 2016, 'Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015', Lancet, The (UK edition), vol. 388, no. 10053, pp. 1813-1850.
  • Kassebaum, N, Arora, M, Barber, R et al. 2016, 'Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015', Lancet, The (UK edition), vol. 388, no. 10053, pp. 1603-1658.
  • Wang, H, Naghavi, M, Allen, C et al. 2016, 'Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015', Lancet, The (UK edition), vol. 388, no. 10053, pp. 1459-1544pp.
  • Kassebaum, N, Arora, M, Barber, R et al 2016, 'Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015', Lancet, The (UK edition), vol. 388, no. 10053, pp. 1603-1658.
  • Smith CA, Sun C, Pezic A, Rodda C, Cameron F, Allen K, Craig ME, Carlin J, Dwyer T, Lucas, R, Eyles DW, kemp AS, Ellis JA, Ponsonby, A. 2017, 'Determinants of Neonatal Vitamin D Levels as Measured on Neonatal Dried Blood Spot Samples', Neonatology, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 153-161.
  • Vos, T, Barber, R, Bell, B et al. 2015, 'Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013', Lancet, The (UK edition), vol. 386, no. 9995, pp. 743-800pp.
  • Waterhouse, M, Tran, B, Ebeling, P et al 2015, 'Effect of vitamin D supplementation on selected inflammatory biomarkers in older adults: a secondary analysis of data from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 114, no. 5, pp. 693-699.
  • Ding, N, Dear , K, Guo, S et al. 2015, 'Tightrope walking: Using predictors of 25 (OH)D concentration based on multivariable linear regression to infer associations with health risks', PLOS ONE (Public Library of Science), vol. 10, no. 5, pp. e0125551-e0125551.
  • Spelman, T, Gray, O, Lucas, R et al 2015, 'A method of trigonometric modelling of seasonal variation demonstrated with multiple sclerosis relapse data', Journal of Visualized Experiments, vol. -, no. 106, pp. 1-10.
  • Geldenhuys, S, Mohammad, M, Li, H et al 2015, 'UV Irradiation of Skin Regulates a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis', Journal of Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 5pp.
  • Wyatt, C, Neale, R & Lucas, R 2015, 'Skin cancer and vitamin D: an update', Melanoma Management, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 51-61pp.
  • Andrady, A, Aucamp, P, Austin, A et al 2015, 'Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: 2014 assessment Executive Summary', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 14-18pp.
  • Holmes, E, Xiang, F & Lucas, R 2015, 'Variation in incidence of pediatric Crohn's disease in relation to latitude and ambient ultraviolet radiation: A systematic review and analysis', Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 809-817.
  • Black, L, Anderson, D, Clarke, M et al 2015, 'Analytical bias in the measurement of serum 25-hydroxyVitamin D concentrations impairs assessment of Vitamin D status in clinical and research settings', PLOS ONE (Public Library of Science), vol. 10, no. 8.
  • Lucas, R, Byrne, S, Correale, J et al 2015, 'Ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D and multiple sclerosis', Neurodegenerative Disease Management, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 413-424.
  • Xiang, F, Lucas, R, de Gruijl, F et al 2015, 'A systematic review of the influence of skin pigmentation on changes in the concentrations of Vitamin D and 25-hydroxyVitamin D in plasma/serum following experimental UV irradiation', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 2138-2146.
  • King, L, Xiang, F, Swaminathan, A et al 2015, 'Measuring sun exposure in epidemiological studies: Matching the method to the research question', Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 153, pp. 373-379.
  • Harfield, M, Hoare, S, Lithander, F et al. 2015, 'Comparing the effects of sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D insufficiency, and immune and cardio-metabolic function: the Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Supplementation (SEDS) Study', BMC Public Health, vol. 15, pp. 115-115.
  • Xiang, F, Harrison, S, Nowak, M et al 2015, 'Weekend personal ultraviolet radiation exposure in four cities in Australia: Influence of temperature, humidity and ambient ultraviolet radiation', Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 143, pp. 74-81.
  • Guo, S, Lucas, R, Joshy, G et al. 2015, 'Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Profiles of 263,356 Older Australians According to Region of Birth and Acculturation, with a Focus on Migrants Born in Asia', PLOS ONE (Public Library of Science), vol. 10, no. 2, pp. e0115627-e0115627.
  • Khalesi, M, Whiteman, D, Rosendahl, C et al 2015, 'Basal cell carcinomas on sun-protected vs. sun-exposed body sites: A comparison of phenotypic and environmental risk factors', Photodermatology Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 202-211.
  • Aucamp, P & Lucas, R 2015, 'Supplementary file: Questions and Answers about the environmental effects of the ozone layer depletion and climate change: 2014 update', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. Supplementary file 1-52pp.
  • Lucas, R & Banwell, B 2015, 'Do prenatal sex hormones modulate MS risk?', Neurology, vol. 85, no. 14, pp. 1193-1194.
  • Lucas, R, Swaminathan, A & Dear, K 2015, 'Shining light on human immunity', in Colin Butler, Jane Dixon & Anthony Capon (ed.), Health of People, Places and Planet: Reflections based on AJ (Tony) McMichael's four decades of contribution to epidemiological understanding, ANU Press, Canberra, pp. 145-156pp.
  • Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration 2015, 'The Global Burden of Cancer 2013', JAMA Oncology
    , vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 505-527.
  • Global Burden of Disease collaborators (including Lucas RM) 2015, 'Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: Quantifying the epidemiological transition', Lancet, The (UK edition), vol. 386, no. 10009, pp. 2145-2191.
  • Global Burden of Disease et al 2015, 'Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013', Lancet, The (UK edition), vol. 385, no. 9963, pp. 117-171.
  • Hart P et al (including Lucas RM) 2015, 'Vitamin D in fetal development: Findings from a birth cohort study', Pediatrics (English edition), vol. 135, no. 1, pp. e167-e173.
  • Lucas, R 2015, Vitamin D deficiency, p. 1. https://www.nursinginpractice.com/article/vitamin-d-deficiency
  • Lucas, RM et al 2015, 'The consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion in association with other environmental factors', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 53-87.
  • Wyatt C, Lucas RM, Hurst, C et al 2015, 'Vitamin D Deficiency at Melanoma Diagnosis Is Associated with Higher Breslow thickness', PLOS ONE (Public Library of Science), vol. 10, no. 5.
  • Swaminathan, A, Lucas, R, Harley, D et al. 2014, 'Will Global Climate Change Alter Fundamental Human Immune Reactivity: Implications for Child Health?', Children, vol. 1, pp. 403-423.
  • Swaminathan, A, Lucas, R & Harley, D 2014, 'Tribute to Professor Anthony J. McMichael', Children, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 457-460.
  • Yazar, S, Hewitt, A, Black, L et al 2014, 'Myopia is associated with lower vitamin D status in young adults', Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 4552-4559.
  • Spelman, T, Gray, O, Trojano, M et al 2014, 'Seasonal variation of relapse rate in multiple sclerosis is latitude dependent', Annals of Neurology, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 880-890.
  • Swaminathan, A, Lucas, R, Dear, K et al. 2014, 'Keyhole limpet haemocyanin - A model antigen for human immunotoxicological studies', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 1135-1142.
  • Shore-Lorenti, C, Brennan, S, Sanders, K et al 2014, 'Shining the Light on Sunshine: A systematic review of the influence of sun exposure on type 2 diabetes mellitus-related outcomes', Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 799-811.
  • Kimlin, M, Lucas, R, Harrison, S et al 2014, 'The contributions of solar ultraviolet radiation exposure and other determinants to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Australian adults: The AusD study', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 179, no. 7, pp. 864-874.
  • Guo, S, Lucas, R, Gies, P et al. 2014, 'Sun exposure and vitamin D status as northeast asian migrants become acculturated to life in Australia', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 1455-1461.
  • Lucas, R, Gorman, S, Geldenhuys, S et al 2014, 'Vitamin D and immunity', F1000 Prime Reports, vol. 6, pp. 118-118.
  • Xiang, F, Lucas, R, Hales, S et al 2014, 'Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ambient UV radiation in white populations, 1978-2012 empirical relationships', JAMA Dermatology, vol. 150, no. 10, pp. 1063-1071.
  • Lucas, R & Neale, R 2014, 'What is the optimal level of vitamin D?', Australian Family Physician, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 119-122.
  • Waterhouse, M, Tran, B, Armstrong, B et al 2014, 'Environmental, Personal, and Genetic Determinants of Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in Older Adults', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 99, no. 7, pp. E1332-E1340.
  • Gresle, M, Liu, Y, Dagley, L et al 2014, 'Serum phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy chain levels in multiple sclerosis patients', Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol. 85, no. 11, pp. 1209-1213.
  • Sun, J, Lucas, R, Harrison, S et al 2014, 'Measuring exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation using a dosimetric technique: Understanding participant compliance issues', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 919-924.
  • Williamson, C, Zepp, R, Lucas, R et al. 2014, 'Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in a Changing Climate', Nature Climate Change, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 434-441.
  • Neale, R & Lucas, R 2014, 'Vitamin D, health and the sun: finding the right balance', in Terry Slevin (ed.), Sun, Skin and Health, CSIRO Publishing, Canberra, pp. 137-154pp.
  • Sun H, Lucas, R et al. 2014, 'The relationship between ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and objectively measured personal UVR exposure dose is modified by season and latitude', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1711-1718.
  • Lucas, R & Taylor, B 2013, 'Challenges in exposure and outcome definition in neuroepidemiology: the case of vitamin D and multiple sclerosis', Australasian Epidemiologist, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 4-8.
  • Guo, S, Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A et al. 2013, 'A Novel Approach for Prediction of Vitamin D Status Using Support Vector Regression', PLOS ONE (Public Library of Science), vol. 8, no. 11.
  • Valery, P, Lucas, R, Williams, D et al. 2013, 'Occupational Exposure and Risk of Central Nervous System Demyelination', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 177, no. 9, pp. 954-961.
  • Gatenby, P, Lucas, R & Swaminathan, A 2013, 'Vitamin D deficiency and risk for rheumatic diseases: an update', Current Opinion in Rheumatology, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 184-191.
  • Ralph, A, Lucas, R & Norval, M 2013, 'Vitamin D and solar ultraviolet radiation in the risk and treatment of tuberculosis', The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 77-88.
  • Ralph, A & Lucas, R 2013, 'Vitamin D and tuberculosis: Hope or hype?', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 199, no. 10, pp. 648-649.
  • Wood, B, Van Der Mei, I, Ponsonby, A et al 2013, 'Prevalence and concurrence of anxiety, depression and fatigue over time in multiple sclerosis', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 217-224.
  • Cargill, J, Lucas, R, Gies, P et al 2013, 'Validation of brief questionnaire measures of sun exposure and skin pigmentation against detailed and objective measures including vitamin D status', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 219-226.
  • Disanto, G, Hall, C, Lucas, R et al. 2013, 'Assessing interactions between HLA-DRB1*15 and infectious mononucleosis on the risk of multiple sclerosis', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1355-1358.
  • Taylor, B, Palmer, A, Simpson, S et al 2013, 'Assessing possible selection bias in a national voluntary MS longitudinal study in Australia', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1627- 1631.
  • Hewer, S, Lucas, R, Van Der Mei, I et al 2013, 'Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis', Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 634-641.
  • Lucas, R, Xiang, F & Ponsonby, A 2013, 'Vitamin D sufficiency in pregnancy', BMJ - British Medical Journal, vol. 346, no. f1675, pp. f1675-f1675.
  • Pezic, A, Ponsonby, A, Cameron, F et al 2013, 'Constitutive and relative facultative skin pigmentation among Victorian children including comparison of two visual skin charts for determining constitutive melanin density', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 714-723.
  • Lucas, R, Valery, P, Van Der Mei, I et al 2013, 'Sun exposure over a lifetime in australian adults from latitudinally diverse regions', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 737-744.
  • Toi, C, Lay, M, Lucas, R et al 2013, 'Varicella zoster virus quantitation in blood from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals', Journal of Medical Virology, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 1491-1497.
  • Brodie, A, Lucas, R, Harrison, S et al. 2013, 'The AusD study: A population-based study of the determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration across a broad latitude range', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 177, no. 9, pp. 894-903.
  • Tran, B, Armstrong, B, McGeechan, K et al 2013, 'Predicting vitamin D deficiency in older Australian adults', Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 79, no. 5, pp. 631-640.
  • Ponsonby, A, Lucas, R, Dear, K et al. 2013, 'The physical anthropometry, lifestyle habits and blood pressure of people presenting with a first clinical demyelinating event compared to controls: The Ausimmune study', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 19, no. 13, pp. 1717-1725.
  • Hughes AM, Lucas R, McMichael A. et al 2013, 'Early-life hygiene-related factors differentially affect risk of central nervous system demyelination and asthma', Clinical and Experimental Immunology, vol. 172, no. 3, pp. 466-472.
  • Lai, J, Lucas, R, Armstrong, M et al 2013, 'Prospective observational study of physical functioning, physical activity and time outdoors and the risk of hip fracture: A population based cohort study of 158 057 older adults in the 45 and Up Study.
    ', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (accepted 27 March)
  • Lucas, R., Ponsonby, A-L et al. 2013, 'Vitamin D status: multifactorial contribution of environment, genes and other factors in healthy Australian adults across a latitude gradient', Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2013;136:300-8
  • Tran, B., Whiteman, DC., Webb, PM., Fritschi, L., Fawcett, J., Risch, HA., Lucas, RM., Pandeya, N., Schulte, A., Neale, RE. 2013, 'Association between ultraviolet radiation, skin sun sensitivity and risk of pancreatic cancer', Cancer Epidemiology, vol. 26, pp. S1877-7821(13)00136-7.
  • Xiang, F., Lucas, R 2013, 'Health risks of Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnancy', Agro Food Industry High Tech, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 11-13.
  • Tremlett, H & Lucas, R 2012, 'The risks for falls and fractures in multiple sclerosis', Neurology, vol. 78, no. 24, pp. 1902-1903.
  • Curley, M, Josey, L, Lucas, R et al 2012, 'Adherence to MRI protocol consensus guidelines in multiple sclerosis: An Australian multi-centre study', Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 594-598.
  • Josey, L, Curley, M, Mousavi, F et al 2012, 'Imaging and diagnostic criteria for Multiple Sclerosis: Are we there yet?', Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 588-593.
  • Thomas, P, Swaminathan, A & Lucas, R 2012, 'Climate change and health with an emphasis on interactions with ultraviolet radiation: A review', Global Change Biology, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 2392-2405.
  • Lay, M, Lucas, R, Toi, C et al 2012, 'Epstein-Barr virus genotypes and strains in central nervous system demyelinating disease and Epstein-Barr virus-related illnesses in Australia', Intervirology, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 372-379.
  • Ponsonby, A, Lucas, R, Van Der Mei, I et al. 2012, 'Offspring number, pregnancy, and risk of a first clinical demyelinating event the ausimmune study', Neurology, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 867-874.
  • Lai, J, Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A et al 2012, 'Variability in vitamin D assays impairs clinical assessment of vitamin D status', Internal Medicine Journal, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 43-50.
  • Lucas, R & Taylor, B 2012, 'Epstein-Barr virus infection A smoking gun for multiple sclerosis?', Neurology, vol. 79, no. 13, pp. 1310-1311.
  • O'Gorman, C, Lucas, R & Taylor, B 2012, 'Environmental Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis: A Review with a Focus on Molecular Mechanisms', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 11718-11752.
  • Tran, B, Lucas, R, Kimlin, M et al 2012, 'Association Between Ambient Ultraviolet Radiation and Risk of Esophageal Cancer', American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 107, no. 12, pp. 1803-1813.
  • Tran, B, Jordan, S, Lucas, R et al 2012, 'Association between Ambient Ultraviolet Radiation and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer', Cancer Prevention Research, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 1330-1336.
  • Lucas, R, Banks, E, Ponsonby, A et al 2012, 'Reply: High variability in the measurement of vitamin D levels is the key clinical issue', Internal Medicine Journal, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 961-962pp.
  • Andrady, AL., Aucamp, PJ., et al (including Lucas, RM) 2012, 'Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2011', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 13-27.
  • Ponsonby A-L., Lucas RM., van der Mei I., Dear K., Valery PC., Pender MP., Taylor BV., Kilpatrick TJ., Coulthard A., Chapman C., Williams D., McMichael AJ., Dwyer T. Offspring number, pregnancy and risk of a first clinical demyelinating event: the Ausimmune study. Neurology 2012; 78(12):867-74
  • Sempos, C., Coates, P., et al (including Lucas, RM) 2012, 'Vitamin D status as an international issue: National surveys and the problem of standardization', Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, vol. 2012, no. 72( Suppl 243), pp. 32-40.
  • Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A, Dear, K et al. 2011, 'Current and past Epstein-Barr virus infection in risk of initial CNS demyelination', Neurology, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 371-379.
  • Lucas, R & Gies, P 2011, 'Stratospheric Ozone', in Jerome O. Nriagu (ed.), Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Elsevier, Online, pp. 249-263pp.
  • Andrady, A, Aucamp, P, Bais, P et al 2011, 'Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: 2010 assessment Executive summary', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 178-181.
  • Ponsonby, A & Lucas, R 2011, 'Shift Work and Multiple Sclerosis', Annals of Neurology, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 680-683.
  • Aucamp, P, Bjorn, L & Lucas, R 2011, 'Questions and answers about the environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: 2010 assessment', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 301-316.
  • Norval, M, Lucas, R, Cullen, A et al 2011, 'The human health effects of ozone depletion and interactions with climate change', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 199-225.
  • Lucas, R 2011, 'An Epidemiological Perspective of Ultraviolet Exposure-Public Health Concerns', Eye and Contact Lens, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 168-175.
  • Hales, S, Lucas, R & McMichael, A 2011, 'Global Environmental Hazards', in Barry S. Levy, David H. Wegman, Sherry L. Baron, Rosemary K. Sokas (ed.), Occupational and Environmental Health: Recognizing and Preventing Disease and Injury (Sixth Edition), Oxford University Press, New York US, pp. 98-120.
  • Lucas, R 2011, 'Determinants of vitamin D status in the Australian population', AEA 2011: Combining Tradition and Innovation, Australasian Epidemiological Association, Queensland Australia, p. 65.
  • Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A, Valery, P et al 2011, 'Sun exposure and vitamin D are independent risk factors for CNS demyelination (correspondence)', Neurology, vol. 77, no. 14, pp. 1405-1406.
  • Lucas, R, Cargill, J & Swaminathan, A 2011, 'Measuring sun exposure: matching the method to the research question', AEA 2011: Combining Tradition and Innovation, Australasian Epidemiological Association, Queensland Australia, pp. 100pp.
  • Lucas R, Hughes AM, Lay M, et al 2011, 'Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis', Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 82, no. 10, pp. 1142-1148.
  • Lucas RM and Gies P (2011) Stratospheric Ozone. In: Nriagu JO (ed.) Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, volume 5, pp. 249â??263 Burlington: Elsevier.
  • Lucas RM., Ponsonby A-L., Dear K., et al. Current and past Epstein-Barr virus infection in risk of initial CNS demyelination. Neurology 2011; 77(4):371-9
  • Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A, Dear, K et al (McMichael A) 2011, 'Sun exposure and vitamin D are independent risk factors for CNS demyelination', Neurology, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 540-548.
  • Lucas, R, Swaminathan, A & Ponsonby, A 2011, 'Could vitamin D be the key to preventing multiple sclerosis?', Neurodegenerative Disease Management, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 179-182.
  • McMichael A.J., Hales S and Lucas RM. Global Environmental Hazards, in Occupational and Environmental Health, D. Wegman, et al., (eds). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2011.
  • Ponsonby A-L., Hughes AM, Lucas RM. The hygiene hypothesis and the development of multiple sclerosis. Neurodegenerative Disease Management 2011; 1(4):285-294
  • Posonby A-L, Hughes AM & Lucas R 2011, The hygiene hypothesis and the development of multiple sclerosis. Neurodegenerative Disease Management, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 285-94.
  • Lucas, R, Bambrick, H, Gatenby, P et al. 2010, 'Recruiting Child Controls', Epidemiology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 271-272.
  • Geller, A, Greinert, R, Sinclair, C et al 2010, 'A nationwide population-based skin cancer screening in Germany: Proceedings of the first meeting of the International Task Force on Skin Cancer Screening and Prevention (September 24 and 25, 2009)', Cancer Epidemiology, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 355-358.
  • Ponsonby, A, Lucas, R, Van Der Mei, I et al. 2010, 'Investigation of the role of pregnancy and exposure to biological children in the onset of central nervous system demyelination', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1007-1008.
  • Ponsonby, A, Staples, J, Lim, L et al. 2010, 'Some Recent Findings on the Environment and Multiple Sclerosis from Australian Studies', 2nd Pan-Asian Committee for Research and Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis (PACTRIMS), SAGE Publications, United Kingdom, p. 259.
  • Lucas, R 2010, 'Vitamin D, past sun exposure & skin phenotype in risk of central nervous system demyelination', UV Radiation and its Effects, National Institute of Water and Atomspheric, Wellington New Zealand, pp. 49-50.
  • Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A, Burrows, J, McMichael A, et al 2010, 'Epstein Barr viral infection and onset of central nervous system demyelination', Multiple Sclerosis: clinical and laboratory research, vol. 16, no. 8, p. 1007.
  • Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A, Dear, K et al. 2009, 'Lower vitamin D status at first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination compared to matched controls', 14th Annual Meeting of the Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis/Consortium for Multiple Sclerosis Centers, SAGE Publications, United Kingdom, p. 1393.
  • Hughes AM, Lucas R, Ponsonby A-L et al 2010, 'The role of latitude, ultraviolet radiation exposure and vitamin D in childhood asthma and hayfever: an Australian multicenter study', Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol. online: 30 SEP 2010, pp. 8pp.
  • Lay, M, Lucas, R, Ratnamohan, M et al 2010, 'Measurement of Epstein-Barr virus DNA load using a novel quantification standard containing two EBV DNA targets and SYBR Green I dye', Virology Journal, vol. 7, no. 252, pp. 252-252.
  • Lewis, S, Lucas, R, Halliday, J et al 2010, 'Vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy: From preconception to birth', Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 1092-1102.
  • Taylor, B, Lucas, R, Dear, K et al. 2010, 'Latitudinal variation in incidence and type of first central nervous system demyelinating events', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 398-405.
  • Lucas, R 2010, Solar ultraviolet radiation: Assessing the environmental burden of disease at national and local levels, World Health Organization (WHO Press), Geneva Switzerland.
  • Kjellstrom, T, Butler, A, Lucas, R et al 2010, 'Public health impact of global heating due to climate change: potential effects on chronic non-communicable diseases', International Journal of Public Health, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 97-103.
  • Elliott, J, Lucas, R, Clements, M et al 2010, 'Population density determines the direction of the association between ambient ultraviolet radiation and type 1 diabetes incidence', Pediatric Diabetes, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 394-402.
  • Lai, J, Lucas, R, Clements, M et al 2010, 'Hip fracture risk in relation to vitamin D supplementation and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies', BMC Public Health, vol. 10, no. 331, p. 17.
  • Lai, J, Lucas, R, Clements, M et al 2010, 'Assessing vitamin D status: Pitfalls for the unwary', Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 1062-1071.
  • Ponsonby, A, Lucas, R, Lewis, S et al 2010, 'Vitamin D status during pregnancy and aspects of offspring health', Nutrients, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 389-407.
  • Gatenby, P, Lucas, R, Engelsen, O et al 2009, 'Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody - Associated Vasculitides: Could Geographic Patterns Be Explained by Ambient Ultraviolet Radiation?', Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 1417-1424.
  • Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A, Dear, K et al. 2009, 'Associations between Silicone Skin Cast Score, Cumulative Sun Exposure, and Other Factors in the Ausimmune Study: A Multicenter Australian Study', Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, vol. 18, pp. 2887-2894.
  • Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A, Pasco, J et al 2008, 'Future health implications of prenatal and early life vitamin D status', Nutrition Reviews, vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 710-720.
  • Lucas, R, McMichael, A, Armstrong, B et al. 2008, 'Estimating the global disease burden due to ultraviolet radiation exposure', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 654-667.
  • Lucas, R, Dear, K & Ponsonby, A 2007, 'Mid Life Stress is associated with both up- and down-regulation of markers of humoral and cellular immunity', Stress, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 351-361.
  • Lucas, R 2007, 'Editorial: Critically evaluating the evidence: risk versus benefit for sun exposure', Expert Review of Dermatology, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. tba.
  • Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A, McMichael, A et al. 2007, 'Observational analytic studies in multiple sclerosis: controlling bias through study design and conduct. The Australian Multicentre Study of Environment and Immune Function', Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 827-39.
  • van der Mei, I, Ponsonby, A, Engelsen, O et al 2007, 'The High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency across Australian Populations Is Only Partly Explained by Season and Latitude', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 115, no. 8, pp. 1132-39.
  • Lucas, R 2007, 'Prenatal Vitamin D: a risk factor for chronic disease?', International Conference on Fetal Programming and Developmental Toxicity, ed. Grandjean, Phillipe, Nordic Pharmacological Society, Faroe Islands.
  • Norval, M, Cullen, A, de Gruijl, F et al 2007, 'The effects on human health from stratospheric ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 232-251.
  • Lucas, R, Repacholi, M & McMichael, A 2006, 'Is the current public health message on UVR exposure correct?', Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 485-491.
  • Samanek, A, Croager, E, Gies, P et al. 2006, 'Estimates of beneficial and harmful sun exposure times during the year for major Australian population centres', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 184, no. 7, pp. 338-341.
  • Lucas, R, McMichael, A, Smith, W et al. 2006, Solar Ultraviolet Radiation: Global burden of disease from solar ultraviolet radiation, World Health Organization (WHO Press), Geneva Switzerland.
  • Lucas, R, McMichael, A, Smith, W et al. 2006, 'The global burden of disease due to UVR exposure', in R McKenzie (ed.), UV radiation and its effects: an update 2006: report of the NIWA UV Workshop, Royal Society of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 67-68.
  • Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A & van der Mei, I 2006, 'Vitamin D, UVR and three autoimmune diseases: an update', in R McKenzie (ed.), UV radiation and its effects: an update 2006: report of the NIWA UV Workshop, Royal Society of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 89-90.
  • Lucas, R & Ponsonby, A 2006, 'Considering the potential benefits as well as adverse effects of sun exposure: can all the potential benefits be provided by oral vitamin D supplementation?', Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 140-149.
  • McMichael, A, Hales, S & Lucas, R 2006, 'Global environmental changes', in Levy, Barry et al. (ed.), Occupational and environmental health: recognizing and preventing disease and injury (5th ed), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 451-467.
  • Lucas, R & McMichael, A 2005, 'Stratospheric ozone depletion: successful responses to a global environmental insult', in Kristie L. Ebi, Joel B. Smith and Ian Burton (ed.), Integration of Public Health with Adaptation to Climate Change: Lessons Learned and New Directions, Swets Zeitlinger BV, Lisse, The Netherlands, pp. 215-241.
  • Ponsonby, A, Lucas, R & van der Mei, I 2005, 'UVR, Vitamin D and three autoimmune diseases - Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 1267-1275.
  • Lucas, R & McMichael, A 2005, 'Association or causation: evaluating links between environment and disease', Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 792-795.
  • McMichael, A, Lucas, R, Ponsonby, A et al. 2003, 'Stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation and health', in McMichael AJ, Campbell-Lendrum DH, Corvalan CF, Ebi KL, Githeko AK, Scheraga JD, (ed.), Climate change and human health: risks and responses, World Health Organization (WHO Press), Geneva, p. 159180.
  • Lucas, R & Ponsonby, A 2002, 'Ultraviolet radiation and health: friend and foe', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 177, no. 2, pp. 594-598.

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