Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural factors have often been viewed as negatively influencing health and/or have not been adequately considered in health policy and practice, undermining effectiveness, as well as community values and wellbeing. Large-scale prospective data on Indigenous adult health, particularly on the relationship to culture, are lacking. This project aims to create a community-governed collaborative national cohort of 20,000-40,000 Indigenous adults to enable investigation of these relationships.