The aim of this project is to examine how climate change, particularly temperature variability and heat, may influence vaccine effectiveness. 

The study will assess how environmental factors affect vaccine performance and summarise the relationship between temperature exposure and vaccine efficacy, with specific attention to identifying temperature thresholds at which vaccine performance begins to decline. 

Ultimately, the findings will provide critical insights to guide the selection and deployment of the most appropriate and resilient vaccine technologies, especially in the context of global warming and the operational challenges posed to cold‑chain logistics.