Current recommended preventive treatment with blood pressure- and lipid-lowering medications can more than halve the risk of future CVD events. However, our findings showed that >70% of those at high CVD risk in Australia are not receiving such therapies. Over the next 5 years we will work with policy and practice partners to: (i) leverage data on current world-wide best CVD practice and risk, through international collaborators; (ii) quantify CVD risk in relation to common potentially modifiable factors, including treatment (iii) provide robust data on implementation gaps and their health and economic consequences; (iv) develop and rigorously research interventions to enable improved prevention and treatment, through policy and primary care. A focus will be implementation in relation to absolute CVD risk assessment and management, interfacing with work on variation to target underserved groups.